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From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
The Roza Bal
,
Rouza Bal
,
or Rozabal
is
a shrine located
in
the Khanyar quarter
in
downtown area of
in
The word roza means tomb, the word bal mean place.
Locals
believe a sage
is
buried here, Yuz Asaf
alongside another Muslim holy man
Mir Sayyid Naseeruddin.
The shrine was relatively unknown until the founder of the Ahmadiyya movement, Mirza Ghulam Ahmad
claimed
in
1899 that
it
is
actually the tomb of Jesus
This view
is
maintained by Ahmadis today,
though
it
is
rejected by the local Sunni caretakers of the shrine, one of whom said "the theory that Jesus
is
buried anywhere on the face of the earth
is
blasphemous to Islam."
Building
[
]
The structure stands
in
front of a Muslim cemetery.
It
consists of a low rectangular building on a raised
platform, surrounded by railings at the front and an entry. Within
is
a shrine to Youza Asouph
.
The
building also houses the burial tomb of a Shia Muslim saint, Mir Sayyid Naseeruddin, a descendant of
Andreas Faber-Kaiser and Holger
The Roza Bal shrine in Srinagar
,
8th Imam of the Shia Muslims whose shrine
is in
believed by the Ahmadis to
be the tomb of Jesus
.
The structure was previously maintained by the local community, but
is
now maintained by a board of
directors consisting of Sunni Muslims
According to Kashmiri writer Fida Hassnain
a supporter
of the Ahmadiyya views of Jesus, the tomb contains a rock carving that
is
said to show feet bearing
Part of a series on
crucifixion wounds and the body
is
buried according to what Hassnain considers are the Jewish
tradition of directions and not according to the Islamic tradition.
Academic reception of
Hassnain's works has been highly critical
-
academics dismissing these claims includes Günter
,
and Gerald O'Collins
History
[
]
show
show
Distinct views
Buddhist and Hindu period
[
]
show
Days of remembrance
There
is
no record of the shrine during Kashmir's Buddhist period
nor during the Kashmir Sultanate
show
Foundational texts and sciences
(1346–1586) when many Buddhist temples were converted into mosques, such as the
show
Key literature
Shankaracharya Temple or "Throne of Solomon."
show
Muhammad Dedamari, 1747
[
]
hide
Key sites
The shrine
is
first
mentioned
in
the Waqi'at-i-Kashmir (Story of Kashmir, published 1747), also
known as the Tarikh Azami (History by Azam)
by the Khwaja Muhammad Azam Didamari
,
a local
Srinagar Sufi writer. Muhammed Azam states that the tomb
is
of a foreign prophet and prince,
Fazl Mosque Baitul Futuh Mosque
Yuzasuf, or
in
modern local Kashimiri transcription Youza Asouph. The name may derive from the
Urdu "Yuzasaf"
in
the legend of Balauhar and Yuzasaf
Yuzasaf being a name for Gautama
.
Yuzasaf occurs as a spelling
in
the Rasail Ikhwan al-Safa of the Brethren of Purity and
other sources.
David Marshall Lang (1960) notes that the connection of the Buddhist Yuzasaf
with Kashmir
in
part results from a printing error
in
the Bombay Arabic edition referencing the
legend of the Wisdom of Balahvar which makes
its
hero prince Yuzasaf die
in
"Kashmir" (Arabic:
show
Miscellaneous
)ريمشك by confusion with Kushinara
(
,)رنيشوك
the traditional place of the original Buddha's
death.
Court case 1770
[
]
A court case was brought mentioning the shrine
in
1184 AH /1770AD:
The Seal of The Justice of Islam Mullah Fazil 1184-A.H. Verdict: Now this Court, after obtaining evidence, concludes that during the
reign of Raja Gopadatta, who built and repaired many temples, especially the Throne of Solomon, Yuz Asaph came to the Valley.
Prince by descent, he was pious and saintly and had given up earthly pursuits. He spent
all
his time
in
prayers and meditation. The
people of Kashmir, having become idolators, after the great flood of Noah, the God Almighty, sent Yuz Asaph as a prophet to the
people of Kashmir. He proclaimed the oneness of God
till
he passed away. Yuz‐Asaph was buried at Khanyar on the banks of the
lake and his shrine
is
known as Roza Bal. In the year 871 A.H. Syed Nasir-ud-Din, a descendant of Imam Musa-Raza, was also
buried besides the grave of Yuz Asaph. Orders – Since the shrine
is
visited by devotees, both high and common, and since the
applicant, Rehman Khan,
is
the hereditary custodian of the shrine,
it
is
ordered that he be entitled to receive the offerings made at
the shrine as before, and no one else shall have any right to such offerings. Given under our hand, 11th Jamad-ud-sani, 1184 A.H"
(translation by Fida Hassnain 1988)
Hassnain's translation follows Ghulam Ahmad
in
dividing the name of Yuzasaf
found
in
the Bilhawar and Yuzasaf tradition about Gautama
Buddha, into two syllables, "Yuz Asaf."
Yuzasaf, Arabic Yūdhasaf or Būdhasaf
,
is
derived from the Sanskrit Bodhisattva
The Sanskrit word
was changed to Bodisav
in
Persian texts
in
the 6th or 7th century, then to Budhasaf or Yudasaf
in
an 8th-century Arabic document (from Arabic
initial "b"
ﺑ
to "y"
ﻳ
in
Indo-Pakistan War, 1965
[
]
In the aftermath of the Indo-Pakistani War of 1965 and continuing Hindu-Muslim and Muslim-Muslim tensions and incidents the Ziarat Rozabal
was desecrated and the grave dug up on 27 October 1965. Indian columnist Praveen Swami (2006) identified the culprits as a "stay-back cell" of
Pakistani operatives, but this
is
not confirmed by other sources.
Ahmadiyya claims
[
]
Main article: Jesus
Mirza Ghulam Ahmad
[
]
The founder of Ahmadiyya, Mirza Ghulam Ahmad, inferring from the Verse 23:50 of the Quran, believed
that the only occasion
in
the
life
of Jesus, son of Mary, that his
life
was seriously threatened, when an
attempt was made to
kill
him by the cross. The Quran saying that "We...prepared an abode for them
in
an
elevated part of the earth, being a place of quiet and security, and watered with running springs";
Ahmad says, may very fittingly apply to the Valley of Kashmir.
Interior of Roza Bal shrine.
In his book Jesus
he elaborately claimed that Roza Bal was the tomb of Jesus (Urdu 1899,
English 1944
حیسم
ناتسودنہ
ںیم
Masih Hindustan-mein
).
The book was fully published
in
1908, and the
first
complete English translation
in
Ahmad had separately advocated the view that Jesus did not die by crucifixion, but travelled to the
Indian subcontinent and died there at age 120.
Per Beskow states that Ghulam Ahmad separated Yuzasaf into two components Yuz and
Asaf, interpreted Yuz as Jesus and Asaf (the Hebrew for gather) as signifying "Jesus the gatherer".
The Ahmadiyya writer Khwaja Nazir Ahmad
Jesus
in
Heaven on Earth (1952) developed Ghulam Ahmad's ideas.
There are ruins of a Hindu
temple near Srinagar where Ghulam Ahmad claimed Jesus had preached.
Due to the lack of other western sources, the Ahmadi rely on the
3rd century apocryphal Acts of Thomas and generally post-15th century Muslim sources
in
their reconstruction of an eastern travel path for
Jesus.
Gordon Melton states that having assumed the mujaddid (faith renewer) appellation
in
the 1880s, and having declared himself the Promised
Messiah for the Christians, Ghulam Ahmad simply picked up the legend that Jesus had visited India to increase his self-identification with
Gerald O'Collins states that no historical evidence has been provided to support Ghulam Ahmad's theory that Jesus died
in
Simon Ross Valentine classifies the theory as a legend and considers the burial of Jesus
in
Roza Bal a myth
in
the scale of the legend of Joseph
of Arimathea taking the Holy Grail to Britain.
Paul C. Pappas states that from a historical perspective, the Ahmadi identification of Yuzasaf with
Jesus was derived from legends and documents which include a number of clear historical errors (e.g. confusing the reign of Gondophares
and
that
"it
is
almost impossible to identify Yuz Asaf with Jesus".
Ghulam Ahmad's theory that Jesus died
in
India
is
distinct from the 1894 suggestion of Nicolas Notovitch that Jesus travelled to India
in
his
earlier years (before the start of his ministry
during the unknown years of Jesus and Ghulam Ahmad specifically disagreed with Notovitch.
Notovitch's claims to have found a manuscript about Jesus' travels to India have been totally discredited by modern scholarship as a hoax.
Notovitch later confessed to having fabricated his evidence.
Modern scholars generally hold that
in
general there
is
no historical basis to
substantiate any of the claims of the travels of Jesus to India.
20th century
[
]
Khwaja Nazir Ahmad
[
]
After Notovich and Ahmad the next widely noticed text was the 1908 The Aquarian Gospel of Jesus Christ – Transcribed from The Book of God's
Remembrance (Akashic Records)
,
which Levi H. Dowling (1844–1911) claimed he had transcribed from lost "Akashic" records.
an Ahmadi missionary
in
Woking, developed Ghulam Ahmad's ideas
in
the 1940s. He also claimed that Moses was buried
at Boot on Mt. Niltoop near Bandipur.
His book (1952) contained a translated section of the Ikmal al-din of Shia authority Ibn Babawayh (d.
991, called "as-Saduq") where Yuzasaf (Ahmad "Yuz Asaf")
is
mentioned.
He compared the tree with 'Bushra' towards which he used to draw people; the spring with learning, and the birds with the people
who sat around him and accepted the religion he preached. Then Yuz Asaf, after roaming about
in
many cities, reached that country
which
is
called Kashmir. He travelled
in
it
far and wide and stayed there and spent his remaining
life
there until death overtook him.
He
left
the earthly body and was elevated towards the Light. But before his death, he sent for a disciple of his, Ba'bad (Thomas) by
name who used to serve him and was well-versed
in
all
matters. Translation into English from Original Arabic of Ikmal al-din of Ibn
republished Khwaja Nazir Ahmad "Jesus
in
Heaven on earth" 1952 Page 362 (insertion "Thomas" not
in
original Ghulam
Ahmad 1908 translation).
The claim that this text relates to Isa (Jesus) and not Barlaam and Josaphat originates
in
Ahmad's earlier 1902 use of the same text. Ahmadiyya
claims that this section of the Ikmal al-din of Ibn Babawayh relates to Isa (Jesus)
is
rejected by Shia Muslims.
The Orientalist Max Müller had
already translated this section into German (1894) when refuting the claims of Nicolas Notovitch
Ahmadi websites and print sources cite various local documents and traditions
in
support of Ghulam Ahmad's identification of the Srinagar shrine
as Jesus's tomb. These include:
(1) Islamic versions of the legend of Barlaam and Josaphat
in
Arabic Budasaf or Yuzasaf:
Ikmal-ud-Din of Ibn Babuyah (d.962 AD) – regarded by scholars as concerning the Barlaam and Josaphat legend.
Qisa Shazada Yuzasaph wo hakim Balauhar (The Story of the Prince Yuzasaph and the Philosopher Balauhar) 18th–19th
century Urdu version of the Book of Balauhar and Budasaf
The Ain-ul-Hayat of Ibn-i-Muhammad Hade Muhammad Imail
Allamah Majlisi (1616–1698)
(2) Texts mentioning Jesus (Isa)
Rauzat-us-Safa of Mir Muhammad Bin Khawand (1417, published 1852 Bombay) – which contains a version of the legend of Abgar
concerning the conversion of the king of Edessa (called Nasibain or Nisibis
in
Persian)
in
Turkey before Jesus' crucifixion. Ghulam Ahmad
(Urdu, 1899, English 1978) gives a paraphrase of the original
Bhavishya Maha Purana (after 1739), a Hindu text with a section discussing Jesus and Mohammed, also Queen Victoria
(3) Local history of Kashmir
A 1946 photograph of a single page purporting to be from Tarikh-i-Kashmir
(History of Kashmir) a lost history by Mullah Nadri 1420 AD, used
as a source by Haidar Malik (1620s). Khwaja Nazir Ahmad printed this photograph
in
Jesus
in
Heaven on Earth (1952)
The text
in
the
photograph contains mention of Yuzasaf, but the standard text of the Mullah Nadri traditions transmitted by Haidar Malik contain no mention
of Yuzasaf, and no historian cites Tarikh-i-Kashmir as containing a Yuzasaf tradition. The original page, which Ahmad tried to buy
in
1946
is
now lost, so no tests can be conducted to the age of the document.
Waqiat-i-Kashmir of Muhammed Azam Didamari (1747) History of Kashmir, mention of Prince Yuzasaf
Official Decree of 1770 court case, – identifying the two saints at the Rozabal as Yuzasaf and Sayyid Naseeruddin.
Bagh-i-Sulaiman (The Garden of Solomon) of Mir Saadullah Shahabadi Kashmiri (1780), a history of Kashmir which comments on the other
Muslim holy man buried at the Roza Bal shrine, Sayyid Naseeruddin.
Wajeesut Tawarikh of Abdul Nabi Khanyari (1857) – History of the Sikh period of Kashmir which mentions the Rozabal as grave of Sayyid
Naseeruddin and prince Yuzasaf.
Takhat Sulaiman (Throne of Solomon), remains of a temple on
hill
near Dal Lake
in
Srinagar, Kashmir
,
(Amritsar, Suraj Prakash Press, 1902) – the
first
source to mention that some believe the Roza Bal
to be the tomb of Jesus (Isa), three years after Mirza Ghulam Ahmad's identification.
Pappas states that the analysis of any possible combinations of date assignment to Nazir Ahmad's theory about the travels of Jesus indicates
that none of the scenarios can be consistent with the generally accepted historical dates such as the reign of Gondophares,
in
part because Nazir
Ahmad relied on the dating methods used
in
the court of Zain-ul-Abidin (1423–1474).
Andreas Faber-Kaiser and Holger Kersten
[
]
In 1976 Andreas Faber-Kaiser
a Spanish UFOlogist
and
in
1983 Siegfried Obermeier and Holger Kersten
two German writers on esoteric
subjects, popularised the subject
in
Christ died
in
Kashmir
,
Christ
in
Kashmir and Christ Lived
in
India respectively.
Kersten's ideas were
among various expositions of the theory critiqued by Günter Grönbold
in
Indien. Das Ende einer Legende (Munich, 1985).
Schneemelcher a German theologian states that the work of Kersten (which builds on Ahmad and The Aquarian Gospel
is
fantasy and has
nothing to do with historical research.
Gerald O'Collins an Australian Jesuit priest, states that Kersten's work
is
simply the repackaging of a
legend for consumption by the general public.
The interpretation that the tomb
is
aligned East-West
is
found
in
the Ahmadi publications such as, Mirza Ghulam Ahmad's Kashti
Noh
and Ahmadiyya official magazines Islamic Review 1981 and Review of Religions 1983.
Ahmadis claim that this
is
supported by the
reference from Ibn Babawayh
version of the Yuzasif
-
Gautama Buddha story
in
Ikmal al-Din "Then he stretched out his legs and turned his head
to the west and his face to the east. He died
in
this position."
Ahmaddiya claims in Popular media
[
]
Richard Denton wrote and produced a documentary for BBC Four titled Did Jesus Die?
in
2004.
It
is
narrated by Bernard Hill and features Elaine
,
Father Jerome Murphy-O'Connor
Thierry LaCombe (French
Knights Templar conspiracy theorist), Richard Andrews
,
and Ahmadi editor Abdul Aziz Kashmiri
The documentary
explores the survival from the cross theory and,
in
passing, mentions theories such as a journey to India by Jesus, with a section on the story of
Yuz Asaf.
In 2007 Channel 4 showed the documentary The Hidden Story of Jesus presented by Robert Beckford
,
which included filming inside Roza Bal,
and an interview with Fida Hassnain about the shrine and Jesus "Indian connection".
Gerald O’Collins criticised several aspects of the
documentary, and stated that Hassnain "showed how he lives
in
an odd world of fantasy and misinformation."
Around 2010 the tomb at Roza Bal began to gain popularity among western tourists as the possible tomb of Jesus.
According to a 2010 BBC
correspondent report, the old story may have been recently promoted by local shopkeepers who "thought
it
would be good for business", and
its
inclusion
in
the Lonely Planet travel guide to India helped drive the tourist business.
The novel The Rozabal Line by Ashwin Sanghi makes
reference to the shrine.
In 2010, a 53-minute documentary was launched by the Indian film director Rai Yashendra Prasad with the name
Roza Bal Shrine of Srinagar
.
Mainstream Muslims belief
[
]
Since mainstream Muslims, and secular historians do not accept the Ahmadiyya claims of a visit by Jesus of Nazareth to India
mainstream
Muslims and scholars also reject any possibility that the Roza Bal shrine
is
the tomb of Jesus. After Howard Walter visited the shrine
in
1913,
investigating Ghulam Ahmad's claims, he reported that local Muslims were of the opinion that the shrine had previously been a Hindu grave until
the 14th century when Sayyid Sharfud'-Din 'Abdur Rahman, (d. 1327 CE, popularly known as Bulbul Shah
had brought Islam to Kashmir, and
declared the grave to be not of a boddhisvatta but of a Muslim saint.
German indologist Günter Grönbold notes that like the Yuzasaf legend,
the tomb itself
is
one of many sacred Buddhist and Hindu sites
in
Kashmir re-purposed to Islamic shrines over the course of Kashmir's history.
See also
[
]
,
leader of a Jesus
in
India faith.
proposed grave of Mary, mother of Jesus,
in
Pakistan.
ideas that Jesus did not die on the cross.
proposed graves of Jesus.
ideas on what Jesus did
in
a time not described
in
the New Testament, and after supposedly surviving crucifixion.
proposed as a place Jesus stayed at
in
India.
References
[
]
^
•
"Jesus Son of Mary – Islamic Beliefs"
Alislam.org
.
^ Mark Bothe Die "Jesus-in-Indien-Legende" – Eine alternative Jesus-
.
2020
.
Retrieved 14 July 2021
.
Erzählung? -2011 Page 19 "Der wahrscheinlich erste Autor, der diesen
•
Goraya, Azhar Ahmad (2020). "Jesus Christ died a Natural Death"
Schritt vollzieht,
ist
Al-Haj Khwaja Nazir Ahmad, Mitglied der
Alislam.org
.
Retrieved 14 July 2021
.
AhmadiyyaBewegung, der sein Buch „Jesus in Heaven on Earth“ 1952
•
Iqbal, Farhan (2020). "30 Verses of the Holy Quran which prove the
als programmatische Untermauerung von Ghulam Ahmads Thesen
Natural Death of Jesus Christ"
Alislam.org
.
verfasst."
.
Retrieved 14 July 2021
.
^ Delbert Burkett The Blackwell Companion to Jesus 2011 "This very
^
Korbel, Jonathan; Preckel, Claudia (2016). "Ghulām Aḥmad al-
addition is the origin of the legend of Yuz Asaf's arrival in Srinagar and
Qādiyānī: The Messiah of the Christians—Peace upon Him—in India
of his tomb in Mohalla Khaniyar. Ahmad referred to a Persian inscription
In Bentlage, Björn; Eggert, Marion; Krämer, Hans-
on a Hindu temple near the city, which had already then been
Martin; Reichmuth, Stefan (eds.). Religious Dynamics under the Impact
obliterated, but where Yuz Asaf was said to have been
..."
of Imperialism and Colonialism
.
Numen Book Series. Vol. 154. Leiden
:
^ Jesus' Tomb in India: The Debate on His Death and Resurrection by
pp. 426–442. doi
Paul C. Pappas 1991 ISBN 0895819465
;
page 77: "Because of the
absence of any western records of Jesus' travels from Nisibis and on,
^
Leirvik, Oddbjørn (2010). "Christ in the Qurʾān and in Ḥadīth"
the Ahmadis rely on the Acts of Thomas and Muslim sources written
Images of Jesus Christ in Islam (2nd ed.). London
:
primarily since the fifteenth century in their endeavor to trace Jesus'
pp. 34–36, 129–132. doi
journey to the East"
^ Religions of the World: A Comprehensive Encyclopedia of Beliefs and
^ Ghulām Muhyi'd Dīn Sūfī Kashīr, being a history of Kashmir from the
Practices Second Edition, ISBN 978-1-59884-203-6 ABC-CLIO page 55
earliest times to our own 1974 – Volume 2 – Page 520 "Bal, in Kashmiri,
^ Islam and the Ahmadiyya Jama'at: History, Belief, Practice by Simon
means a place and is applied to a bank, or a landing place."
Ross Valentine (14 October 2008) Columbia University Press
^ B. N. Mullik – My years with Nehru: Kashmir – Volume 2 1971 – Page
ISBN 0231700946 page 28
117 "Due to the presence of the Moe-e-Muqaddas on
its
bank the lake
^ Jesus' Tomb in India: The Debate on His Death and Resurrection by
gradually acquired the name Hazratbal (Bal in Kashmiri means lake)
Paul C. Pappas 1991 ISBN 0895819465
;
page 155: "Al-Haj Nazir
and the mosque came to be known as the Hazratbal Mosque. Gradually
Ahmad's work Jesus in Heaven on Earth
,
which constitutes the
the present Hazratbal village grew
..."
Ahmadi's best historical defense of Jesus' presence in Kashmir as Yuz
^ Nigel B. Hankin Hanklyn-janklin: a stranger's rumble-tumble guide to
Asaf, appears to be
full
of flaws, especially concerning Gondophares
some words 1997 Page 125 (Although bal means hair in Urdu, in this
reign", page 100: "The Ahmadi thesis can rest only on eastern legends
instance the word is Kashmiri for a place – Hazratbal – the revered
recorded in oriental works, which for the most part are not reliable, not
place.) HAZRI n Urdu
Lit.
presence, attendance. In British days the
only because they were written long after the facts, but also because
word acquired the meaning to Europeans and those associated with
..."
their stories of Yuz Asaf are different and in contradiction", page 115:
"It
is almost impossible to identify Yuz Asaf with Jesus"
^ Andrew Wilson The Abode of Snow: Observations on a Journey from
Chinese Tibet to
...
1875 reprint 1993– Page 343 Bal means a place,
^ Jesus in India by Mirza Ghulam Ahmad (1 July 2003)
and Ash is the satyr of Kashmir traditions."
ISBN 1853727237 pages iv–v
^ Parvéz Dewân Parvéz Dewân's Jammû, Kashmîr, and Ladâkh:
^ Ehrman, Bart D. (February 2011). "8. Forgeries, Lies, Deceptions, and
Kashmîr – 2004 Page 175 "Manas means 'mountain' and 'bal' means
the Writings of the New Testament. Modern Forgeries, Lies, and
'lake' (or even 'place'). Thus, the
..."
Deceptions". Forged: Writing in the Name of God—Why the Bible's
Authors Are Not Who We Think They Are
^ Times of India Tomb Raider: Jesus buried in Srinagar?
8 May 2010
New York: HarperCollins e-books. pp. 282–283. ISBN 978-0-06-207863-
"One of the caretakers of the tomb, Mohammad Amin, alleged that they
were forced to padlock the shrine
...
He believed that the theory that
8 September 2011
.
Jesus is buried anywhere on the face of the earth is blasphemous to
^ Indology, Indomania, and Orientalism by Douglas T. McGetchin (1
January 2010) Fairleigh Dickinson University Press ISBN 083864208X
page 133 "Faced with this cross-examination, Notovich confessed to
^ J. Gordon Melton The Encyclopedia of Religious Phenomena – Page
fabricating his evidence."
337 – 2007
"It
stands in front of a Muslim cemetery in the Rozabal area
^ All the People in the Bible by Richard R. Losch (1 May 2008)
of Khanyar, district of Srinagar, the capital of Kashmir. Inside is a
Eerdsmans Press ISBN 0802824544 page 209
wooden sepulcher surrounded by four recently installed glass walls. The
sepulcher is empty, though, and the entombed personage
...."
^ Van Voorst, Robert E (2000). Jesus Outside the New Testament: An
Introduction to the Ancient Evidence
.
^ Three Testaments: Torah, Gospel, and Quran edited by Brian Arthur
8028-4368-9 page 17
Brown 2012, ISBN 1442214929 Rowman & Littlefield page 196
^ J. Gordon Melton The Encyclopedia of Religious Phenomena 2007
^
Wynne-Jones, Jonathan (16 March 2008). "Did Jesus die?"
The
Page 337 "The theses articulated by Notovich and Ahmad have
Daily Telegraph. Archived from the original on 4 April 2009
.
Retrieved
generated a variety of writings through the twentieth century, including
25 May 2009
.
one relatively famous text, the Aquarian Gospel of Jesus Christ, by Levi
^ Mark Bothe Die "Jesus-in-Indien-Legende"
-
Eine alternative Jesus-
Dowling. The idea of the Srinagar site being the grave ofJesus has been
Erzählung?
-
2011
-
Page 30 "1.4.2 Fida Hassnain
-
Fida M. Hassnain
severely hindered by antagonism toward the Ahmadiyya movement by
wurde 1924 in Srinagar, Kaschmir,
..."
mainstream Islam, which has declared the movement heretical. Its most
^ W. Wakefield The Happy Valley: Sketches of Kashmir and Kashmiri
recent exponent is German Holger Kersten......"
1996 – Page 61 "Sketches of Kashmir and Kashmiri W. Wakefield. 6. 1.
^ Balraj Puri, 5000 years of Kashmir Institute of Jammu and Kashmir
Originally a Buddhist temple, like the country, later on,
it
became
Affairs – 1997 – Page 100- "He identified his grave at a village called
Mohammedan, and was converted into a mosque; while the presence
Boot. He also holds that Jesus Christ, too, came to Kashmir and is
within
it
at the present day of this emblem of the worship of Siva,
buried at Rozabal at Khanyar in Srinagar (Kashmir).
It
has been
testifies that
it
has also been utilized by the followers of the Hindu
authoritatively said by many that Buddha also came to Kashmir to
.."
religion."
^ Al-Shikh-us-Sadiq Abi Ja-far Muhammed Ibn
'Ali
ibn Husain – Kamal-
^ Khwaja Muhammad 'Azam Didamari, Waqi'at-i-Kashmir being an Urdu
ud-Din vas TmamunNi'mat
fi
Ashat-ul-Ghaibat was Kaf-ul-Hairet. in
translation of the Persian MSS Tarikh-i-Kashmir 'Azmi, translated by
Persian Sayyid-us-Sanad Press. 1882
Khwaja Hamid Yazdani), Jammu and Kashmir "Islamic" Research
^ Per Beskow in The Blackwell Companion to Jesus Delbert Burkett –
Centre, Srinagar, 1998, p. 117.
2011 "Its main propagandist in the West was Andreas Faber-Kaiser with
^ Per Beskow in The Blackwell Companion to Jesus ed. Delbert Burkett
his book Jesus Died in Kashmir (1978), where he
...
This claim,
2011 "Only later did Ahmad's disciples invent the compromise that
however, was severely refuted by the famous orientalist Max Müller
Jesus had been twice in India. Ahmad's primary source is a legend,
(1894), who had himself visited Himis and had
..."
known in the West as the tale of Barlaam and Josaphat.
It
was widely
^ Mahdi Muntazir Qa'im Jesus: Through the Qur'an and Shi'ite
read
all
through the Middle Ages as an edifying... Yuzasaf as the
Narrations 2007 – Page 19 "Bihar al-Anwar is a collection of hadiths in
principal character is named in Urdu, is helped on his way by the wise
Arabic written by Mawla Muhammad Baqir ibn Muhammad Taqi, known
Bilhawar
...
Ahmad divided Yuzasaf in two: Yuz Asaf. He declared that
as Majlisi the Second, or simply 'Allamah Majlisi (A.H. 1037–1110). He is
Yuz signified Jesus (who is not called by that name in any"
one of the most prolific Shi'i writers, and
"
^ The March of India The Contemporary Society for Contemporary
^ Khwaja Nazir Ahmad Jesus in Heaven on Earth (1952) page 393 (11
Studies Volume 7, No.1 1963 – Page 119 "Ibn Babuya of Qum
of pdf) "Photograph of a folio from Tarikh-i-Kashmir (See page 401)"
incorporated an adaptation of
it
in his treatise, Kitabi Kamal al Din wa
Itman
...
Akbar al Furs wa'l Arab. The authors of Rasail Ikhwan al-Safa
^ Mir Saadullah Shahabadi Kashmiri Bagh-i-Sulaiman "Virtuous Sayyid
refers to Balauhar's conversation with Budasaf (given here in the form of
Naseeruddin: The assembly of believers owes
its
existence to him. His
Yuzasaf). Thus the legend of Sakya Muni Gautam, the Buddha, entered
tomb exists in Khanyar in Anzimar. This tomb is significant because of
into the religious thought of Islam with results that have not yet been
the illuminated grave of a Prophet. All those who visit this sacred place
properly assessed by scholars. In the development of Muslim
receive aroma of perfumes!
It
has been narrated that a prince came,
mysticism, India's contribution is unmistakable."
abandoned materialistic
life,
and adopted the path of piety and
righteousness. God liked his obedience to Him [and] raised him to the
^ John Rippon in Journal of Ecclesiastical History Volume 18, Issue 02,
status of an Apostle. He guided the people towards the Truth [and was]
October 1967, pp 247–248, online
"In The Wisdom of Balahvar
a mercy to the Valley (of Kashmir).
It
is due to this reason that his tomb
Professor Lang assembled the evidence for the Buddhist origins of the
is famous
all
over the country."
legends of the Christian saints Barlaam and Josephat. He suggested
the importance of Arabic intermediaries, showing that confusion of
^ Arifkhan.co.uk "Historical Sources" New Ahmadi website
redirecting
diacritical markings turned Budhasaf (Bodhisattva, the Buddha-to-be)
from tombofjesus.com in earlier article references
into Yudasaf, Iodasaph, Yuzasaf and Josaphat. By a curious roundabout
^ Jesus' Tomb in India: The Debate on His Death and Resurrection by
journey this error reappears in once Buddhist Kashmir where the
Paul C. Pappas 1991 ISBN 0895819465
;
page 116 presents a detailed
modern Ahmadiyya Muslims, well known for their Woking mosque, claim
analysis and a table of the possible date assignments to Khwaja Nazir
that a tomb of Yus Asaf was the tomb of Jesus who died in Kashmir,
story and concludes that none of them can be consistent with
after having been taken down live from the cross; though the Bombay
the general historical records. Page 116 of Pappas states:
"..
as
Arabic edition of the book Balahvar makes
its
hero die in Kashmir, by
indicated previously, the Kalyugi era is rejected by Ahmad in favor of the
confusion with Kushinara the traditional place of the Buddha's death."
Laukika (Haptrakesh-waran) era only because Mullah Ahmad, the
^ Trilok Chandra Majupuria, Indra Majupuria Holy places of Buddhism in
fifteenth-century historian of the court of Sultan Zain-ul-Abidin
,
Nepal & India: a guide to sacred places -1987 Page 295 "(Kushinara-
maintained that this era was used in Kashmir until the conversion of
Pali) (Place of Parinirvana) The Pali name of this town where Buddha
Ratanju
to Islam in 1324 A.D."
entered mahaparinir-vana is Kushinara, while the Sanskrit name for
it
is
^ Jesus Lived in India: His Unknown Life Before and After the
Kushinagara, Kushinagri, Kushigrama, Kushigramaka, etc."
Crucifixion by Holger Kersten 1981 ISBN 0143028294 Penguin India
^ Fida Hassnain, The Fifth Gospel, Dastgir Publications Srinagar,
^ Gregorianum Page 258 Pontificia università gregoriana (Rome) "The
Kashmir, Printed by Leo Printers of Delhi, 1988 Pp. 222–223; confirmed
whole story of how this legend was simply created (without a shred of
by citation in Mark Bothe Die "Jesus-in-Indien-Legende" – Eine
evidence in
its
support), spread widely among a gullible public and
still
alternative Jesus-Erzählung? 2011 – Page 53.
finds such latter-day exponents as Holger Kersten is splendidly told by
^ Per Beskow in The Blackwell Companion to Jesus Delbert Burkett
Günt[h]er Grönbold."
2011 ISBN 140519362X p463 "During the transmission of the legend,
^ New Testament Apocrypha, Vol. 1: Gospels and Related Writings by
this name underwent several changes: to Budhasaf, Yudasaf, and finally
Wilhelm Schneemelcher and R. Mcl. Wilson (1 December 1990)
Yuzasaf. In Greek, his name is Ioasaph; in Latin, Josaphat, the name of
ISBN 066422721X page 84. Schneemelcher states that Kersten's work
one of the kings of Israel. Ahmad divided Yuzasaf in two: Yuz Asaf
..."
is based on "fantasy, untruth and ignorance (above
all
in the linguistic
^ Emmanuel Choisnel Les Parthes et la Route de la soie 2004 Page
area)"
202 "Le nom de Josaphat dérive, tout comme son associé Barlaam
^ The Site Map of the Grave attested by a Jewish Scholar Suleman
dans la légende, du mot Bodhisattva. Le terme Bodhisattva passa
Yousaf Ishaq on 12 June 1899. Mirza Ghulam Ahmad, Kashti Noah,
d'abord en pehlevi, puis en arabe, où
il
devint Budasaf. Étant donné
page 78, in Hebrew. [4]
qu'en arabe le "b" et le "y" ne different que
..."
^ Review of Religions Ahmadiyya Community Srinagar 1983 Volume 78
^ Praveen Swami India, Pakistan and the Secret Jihad: The Covert War
– Page 32 "As one reads the legends of Yuz Asaf gathered by the
in Kashmir 2006 Page 70 "Then, on October 27, Cell members dug up
Ahmadiyya from sources as far apart as Iran and Sri Lanka – the
the grave of a Saint interred at the Ziarat Rozabal, a shrine in downtown
conviction
...
While the stone cover of the tomb is of Muslim date,
Srinagar."
underneath is a more ancient burial aligned east-west."
^ George Sale Trans: "And we appointed the son of Mary, and his
^ Trevor Drieberg -Jammu and Kashmir: a tourist guide – 1978 Page 99
mother, for a sign: and we prepared an abode for them in an elevated
"To the people of Rozabal, this is the tomb of Yuz Asaf, the name under
part of the earth, being a place of quiet and security, and watered with
which Christ is said to have lived in Kashmir.
...
on the mountain
running springs." [G Sale, page 261, the Quran 23:50] [1]
pointing east-west like Jewish graves is called the shrine of the Prophet
^ The Quran 23:50, may apply to Kashmir. Book "Ijaz e Ahmadi
of the Book by inhabitants of the
"
(Zameema Nazool ul Mahih)", (p.23) (RK Vol 19, page 127 [2]
^ Kammaaluddin wa Tamaamum Ni'ma English translation
^ The Quran 23:50, may apply to Kashmir. Book 'Kashti e Noah' [the Ark
^ The India magazine of her people and culture Volume 3 1982 – Page
of Noah], page 19, (footnote) and page 77 (footnote), Published 5
57 "there an old tomb, blackened by time, which bears the signs of a
October 1902. [Ruhani Khazain, Volume 19, p.33]. [3] </ref narration
recent
It.
The tomb, as
all
Jewish tombs
t,
is oriented East-West.
...
Yuz
from Muhammad, as recorded in Kanz ul Ummal of Ali Muttaqi, 3/158
,
Asaf – the oriental historian says – preached to the people in parables
Hadith No. 5955, which says: "Allah revealed this to Jesus; O Jesus
and on page 327 p the Kamal-ud-Din, a parable »hich"
keep moving from one place to another lest they know you and tease
^ Ibn Babuwayah Bombay Arabic edition, Kamal-ud-Din English
you." is also referred to in support of this interpretation of Quran 23:50.
translation section Kamaaluddin wa Tamaamun Ni’ma p275
^ J. Gordon Melton The Encyclopedia of Religious Phenomena 2007
^ Dean R. Eyerly Between Heaven & Hell: The Historical Jesus 2010
p377 "His tomb has been traced and found in Khanyar Street, Srinagar.
Page 106 "In 2004, the BBC aired a special called Did Jesus Die? In
This tradition, though attributed to
...
Ahmad specifically repudiated
this documentary, biblical scholars and scientists concluded "that is
Notovich on Jesus' early travels to India, but claimed that Jesus did go
certainly a possibility".
"
there late in His
life.
The structure identified by Ahmad as Jesus' resting
^ The Hidden Story of Jesus
,
c. 1:02:00, as Prof. Fida Hussnain
place is known locally as the Roza Bal (or Rauza Bal)."
^ O'Collins, Gerald (November 2008). "The Hidden Story of Jesus".
^
The publisher's note (page v) at the beginning of the book states:
89 (1024): 711. doi
:
"Written in 1899, and partly serialized in Review of Religions in 1902
and 1903, the book itself was posthumously published on 20th
^
Miller, Sam (27 March 2010). "Tourists flock to 'Jesus's tomb' in
November 1908." Jesus in India by Mirza Ghulam Ahmad (1 July 2003)
.
BBC
.
Retrieved 27 November 2010
.
^ Chhibber, Mini Anthikad (14 September 2010). "Lining up the thrills"
^ Merriam Webster's Collegiate Encyclopedia by Mark A. Stevens (Jan
The Hindu
.
Retrieved 23 September 2019
.
2001) ISBN 0877790175 page 26
^ "Jesus Christ: Was The Savior Buried in Kashmir, India?"
^
Focus on Jesus by Gerald O'Collins and Daniel Kendall (1
International Business Times
.
24 December 2013
.
Retrieved
September 1998) ISBN 0852443609 Mercer Univ Press pages 169–171
23 September 2019
.
^ Per Beskow "Mystifications: Jesus in Kasmir" pages 458–475 of The
^ H. A. Walter, The Ahmadiya Movement ("Religious Life of India"
Blackwell Companion to Jesus ed. Delbert Burkett 2011
series), Calcutta, 1918, Chapter 9
ISBN 140519362X "Ahmad divided Yuzasaf in two: Yuz Asaf. He
^ Günter Grönbold Jesus in Indien. Das Ende einer Legende 1985 p.53
declared that Yuz signified Jesus (who is not called by that name in any
"vom vorislamischen Hinduismus ubernimmt.
...
Das
ist
nun das ganze
language) and that Asaf was the Hebrew verb for “gather.” Yuz Asaf
Geheminis um das Grab Rauzabal in der Khanyar-Strasse in Srinagar.".
would then be “Jesus the Gatherer."
External links
[
]
Media related to Roza Bal at Wikimedia Commons
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